What happened

Ukraine's Security Service (SBU), via its Special Operations Centre Alpha, struck Perm-area oil infrastructure on two consecutive nights more than 1,500 km from Ukraine. On the night of 28–29 April, drones hit the Transneft linear production-dispatch station (LPDS) Perm in the Malinovskaya area; the SBU said at least four oil-storage tanks were simultaneously ablaze, and residents reported 'oil rain' leaving dark stains on clothing, skin and vehicles. On 30 April at 13:46 local time, drones struck the Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez refinery's AVT-4 primary distillation unit, igniting its vacuum and atmospheric towers and effectively taking the unit out of operation, while the LPDS was targeted again. Perm Krai governor Dmitry Makhonin and Orenburg governor Yevgeny Solntsev (a related same-wave strike hit the Orsknefteorgsintez refinery in Orsk) both said workers were evacuated with no casualties, while minimizing the extent of damage. The refinery has a nameplate crude-distillation capacity of roughly 259,500 bbl/d (13.1 Mtpa) and serves both civilian and Russian military fuel supply. This grouped marker represents both nights of closely spaced strikes on the refinery and its dedicated pumping station.

When cited sources give different casualty, damage or spill figures for this event, they’re reported side by side above rather than merged into one number. See how confidence levels work.