What happened

Eyewitness photographs reviewed by the independent Russian outlet ASTRA showed smoke rising over the Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim refinery during a drone attack on Bashkortostan. Russia's Defence Ministry said drones were intercepted over the region, and Ufa airport temporarily suspended operations, but Russian authorities and Rosneft did not confirm a refinery impact, fire, damage or shutdown. This record therefore treats the refinery strike as reported rather than documented. Ufaneftekhim forms part of Ufa's adjoining Bashneft refining complex with Novoil and UNPZ, whose combined design capacity is commonly reported near 23.5 million tonnes per year; that complex-wide figure is context and not the capacity of this individual plant. The raid is recorded separately from the Ufa-area refinery incidents of 1, 5 and 19 August because it occurred on a distinct date and was associated with new imagery and a separate regional drone alert.

When cited sources give different casualty, damage or spill figures for this event, they’re reported side by side above rather than merged into one number. See how confidence levels work.